Never by anyone, always destructive both ways
And yet, states engage in tariff wars for two reasons (both rational from their points of view):
(a) to satisfy domestic industries which finance or otherwise support the reelection of politicians
and/or (b) while causing harm to both countries, to cause more harm to the one than the other
Option A is universal and the cause of tariffs in most cases.
Option B is usually only applicable during wartime (e.g. the British blockade of Germany during the WW1).
Ah, there is also another possible explanation:
--the decision maker is an imbecile who lives for applause, which he thinks he'll gain by "beating" foreigners
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