Hydrazine and other compounds: A chemical derivative of hydrazine, a toxic compound, is present in some of mushrooms including the white button (Hashida, Hayashi et al. 1990). Hydrazine, an ammonia like liquid compound, is easily volatilized with a thorough sauté. Eating a few uncooked mushrooms usually won't make you sick, as evidenced by the compound being present in the white button mushrooms, which are commonly eaten raw. While the toxicity of the compound hydrazine (also a component of rocket fuel) is well understood, exactly what mushrooms contain hydrazine and in what volume, has not been well studied. It is only through mushrooms like the false morel, which contain large amounts of the hydrazine gyromitrin, do we appreciate the toxic effects. It is clear that some people are more sensitive to hydrazine, while some feel no effect from eating false morels, others have become very sick or have even ceased to exist. Symptoms are usually gastrointestinal and neurological and most often occur within 6-12 hours of consumption. There is also evidence that repeated consumption can increase risk of illness. This has lead some scientists to believe some people may be deficient in enzymes that convert hydrazine to non-toxic compounds in the body (Coulet and Guillot 1982). If you always cook your mushrooms you will never need to know if you are sensitive to the hydrazine.
In rare cases, individuals have developed a skin rash from eating raw or undercooked shiitake mushrooms. The shiitake sensitivity is an allergic reaction rather than a toxicity (Kopp, Mastan et al. 2009). However the lesson is the same-- when trying new mushrooms, cook mushrooms thoroughly. Mushrooms, like the false morel, are parboiled before consumption. Still if you really want to try mushrooms raw, eat only a small piece and wait for a possible reaction before eating a larger quantity.
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