
Originally Posted by
Bonnieblue
John C. Calhoun, who remains arguably the best political philosopher America has been privileged to have, has said, and I paraphrase, that societies are an product of Providence; but constitutions are wrought by the minds and the hands of men; thus, constitutions are not something to be seen as perfect. Calhoun even argued, and I believe rightly so, that written Constitutions were the most dangerous. Like Aristotle who was Calhoun's mentor Calhoun understood a constitution to be the way a given social order created and maintained its polity, unique to its own traditions, customs and habits. Calhoun was, of course, a republican, meaning that he did not counsel large consolidated states.
There is not doubt that it was the intent of the monarchist Hamilton and the nationalist Madison, who has somehow weaseled for himself the honor of "Father of the Constitution," that at Philadelphia they would get a powerful and consolidated national state. They failed because the anti-federalists forced too many compromises. Yet, what they got was a document which had enough wiggle room to usurp the intent of the ratifying conventions. Although the Federalist Papers where not as influential in the actual ratification process as it is claimed today, where they did have influence, they misled; for Hamilton alleged that the Constitution allowed none of the powers which the ratifiers feared, powers that he and his allies began to find and create before the ink had dried. The usurpation culminated in Lincoln and the Republicans with the lineage of the usurpation going back through Clay, Story, Webster, Marshall, Hamilton and others.