George Washington Warning against the rise of political parties
George Washington spent considerable time in his Farewell Address, warning against the rise of political parties or political factions. (By way of definition, a political party is a cohesive group of citizens who seek to acquire power in the government and then distribute favors or high salaried offices to their faithful supporters. This procedure is called the "political spoils system.")
Note what George Washington predicted would happen in America if the political party system was allowed to develop in this country as it had in Europe:
"Let me now warn you in the most solemn manner against the baneful effect of the spirit of party.... It exists ... in all governments ... but in those of the popular form, it is seen in its greatest rankness and is truly their worst enemy.
"The alternate [or alternating] domination of one faction over another, sharpened by the spirit of revenge ... has perpetrated the most horrid enormities....
"It serves always to distract the public councils and enfeeble the public administration. It agitates the community with ill-founded jealousies and false alarms, kindles the animosity of one part against another, foments occasional riot and insurrection."
Washington declared that this infighting tends to evolve into party dictatorships which in "itself is a frightening despotism." He said this self-defeating party warfare can lead the people to become so disillusioned with government in general that the people "seek security and repose in the absolute power of an individual; and sooner or later the chief of some prevailing faction, more able or more fortunate than his competitors, turns ... to the purposes of his own elevation on the ruins of public liberty."
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