In the 19th century, it wasn't really all that different, obviously there were technological limitations then.
One major difference is that Israel and Palestine are enemy nations. Long guarded fences, sanctions and kill zones are common along borders between enemy nations. Look at South Korea/North Korea, India/Pakistan, India/Bangladesh, Sudan/South Sudan, Cambodia/Thailand, DRC/Angola, Ethiopia/Eritrea, Venezuela/Columbia, etc. Each country feels the other is a threat to their national security.