greyseal
08-01-2012, 01:45 PM
The legacy of President Obama
Public Laws 111-148 The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
TITLE 42 - THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
CHAPTER 6A - PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
SUBCHAPTER I - ADMINISTRATION AND MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
Part A - Administration
Sec. 203
DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY TO APPOINT COMMISSIONED OFFICERS OF THE READY RESERVE CORPS OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
Memorandum of President of the United States, June 1, 2010, 75
F.R. 32245, provided:
Memorandum for the Secretary of Health and Human Services
By virtue of the authority vested in me as President by the
Constitution and the laws of the United States, including section
301 of title 3, United States Code, I hereby assign to you the
functions of the President under section 203 of the Public Health
Service Act, as amended by Public Law 111-148, to appoint
commissioned officers of the Ready Reserve Corps. The exercise of
this authority is limited to appointments of individuals who were
extended offers of employment for appointment and call to active
duty in the Reserve Corps of the Public Health Service with an
appointment date subsequent to March 23, 2010, the date of
enactment of Public Law 111-148, but who were not on active duty on
that date, and those individuals who are selected for the 2010
Commissioned Officer Student Training and Extern Program. This
authority may not be re-delegated.
You are authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the
Federal Register.
Barack Obama.
History of the Public Health Service
Tuskegee syphilis experiment
(full version on line)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Tuskegee syphilis experiment[1] (also known as the Tuskegee syphilis study or Public Health Service syphilis study) was an infamous clinical study conducted between 1932 and 1972 in Tuskegee, Alabama by the U.S. Public Health Service to study the natural progression of untreated syphilis in poor, rural black men who thought they were receiving free health care from the U.S. government
By 1947, penicillin had become the standard treatment for syphilis. Choices available to the doctors involved in the study might have included treating all syphilitic subjects and closing the study, or splitting off a control group for testing with penicillin. Instead, the Tuskegee scientists continued the study without treating any participants and withholding penicillin and information about it from the patients. In addition, scientists prevented participants from accessing syphilis treatment programs available to others in the area.[4] The study continued, under numerous US Public Health Service supervisors, until 1972, when a leak to the press eventually resulted in its termination. The victims of the study included numerous men who died of syphilis, wives who contracted the disease, and children born with congenital syphilis.[5]
In 1972 the Tuskegee Study was brought to public and national attention by a whistleblower, who gave information to the Washington Star and the New York Times. Heller of PHS still defended the ethics of the study, stating: "The men's status did not warrant ethical debate. They were subjects, not patients; clinical material, not sick people."[11]
Medical ethics considerations were limited from the start and rapidly deteriorated. To ensure that the men would show up for the possibly dangerous, painful, diagnostic, and non-therapeutic spinal taps, the doctors sent the 400 patients a misleading letter titled "Last Chance for Special Free Treatment". The study also required all participants to undergo an autopsy after death in order to receive funeral benefits. After penicillin was discovered as a cure, researchers continued to deny such treatment to many study participants. Many patients were lied to and given placebo treatments so researchers could observe the full, long term progression of the fatal disease.[12]
After penicillin was found to be an effective treatment for syphilis, the study continued for another 25 years without treating those suffering from the disease.
In 1968 William Carter Jenkins, an African-American statistician in the PHS, part of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW), founded and edited The Drum, a newsletter devoted to ending racial discrimination in HEW. The cabinet-level department included the CDC. In The Drum, Jenkins called for an end to the Tuskegee Study. He did not succeed; it is not clear who read his work.[18]^ Bill Jenkins left the PHS in the mid-1970s for doctoral studies. In 1980, he joined the CDC Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, where he managed the Participants Health Benefits Program that ensured health services for survivors of the Tuskegee Study.
• Document from Tuskegee Syphilis Study, requesting that after test subjects die, an autopsy be performed, and the results sent to the National Institutes of Health
Non-consensual experiments in Guatemala
Main article: Syphilis experiments in Guatemala
In October 2010 it was revealed that in Guatemala, Public Health Service doctors went even further. It was reported that from 1946 to 1948, American doctors deliberately infected prisoners, soldiers, and patients in a mental hospital with syphilis and, in some cases, gonorrhea, with the cooperation of some Guatemalan health ministries and officials. A total of 696 men and women were exposed to syphilis without the informed consent of the subjects. When the subjects contracted the disease they were given antibiotics though it is unclear if all infected parties were cured.[15]
Public Laws 111-148 The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
TITLE 42 - THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
CHAPTER 6A - PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
SUBCHAPTER I - ADMINISTRATION AND MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
Part A - Administration
Sec. 203
DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY TO APPOINT COMMISSIONED OFFICERS OF THE READY RESERVE CORPS OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
Memorandum of President of the United States, June 1, 2010, 75
F.R. 32245, provided:
Memorandum for the Secretary of Health and Human Services
By virtue of the authority vested in me as President by the
Constitution and the laws of the United States, including section
301 of title 3, United States Code, I hereby assign to you the
functions of the President under section 203 of the Public Health
Service Act, as amended by Public Law 111-148, to appoint
commissioned officers of the Ready Reserve Corps. The exercise of
this authority is limited to appointments of individuals who were
extended offers of employment for appointment and call to active
duty in the Reserve Corps of the Public Health Service with an
appointment date subsequent to March 23, 2010, the date of
enactment of Public Law 111-148, but who were not on active duty on
that date, and those individuals who are selected for the 2010
Commissioned Officer Student Training and Extern Program. This
authority may not be re-delegated.
You are authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the
Federal Register.
Barack Obama.
History of the Public Health Service
Tuskegee syphilis experiment
(full version on line)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Tuskegee syphilis experiment[1] (also known as the Tuskegee syphilis study or Public Health Service syphilis study) was an infamous clinical study conducted between 1932 and 1972 in Tuskegee, Alabama by the U.S. Public Health Service to study the natural progression of untreated syphilis in poor, rural black men who thought they were receiving free health care from the U.S. government
By 1947, penicillin had become the standard treatment for syphilis. Choices available to the doctors involved in the study might have included treating all syphilitic subjects and closing the study, or splitting off a control group for testing with penicillin. Instead, the Tuskegee scientists continued the study without treating any participants and withholding penicillin and information about it from the patients. In addition, scientists prevented participants from accessing syphilis treatment programs available to others in the area.[4] The study continued, under numerous US Public Health Service supervisors, until 1972, when a leak to the press eventually resulted in its termination. The victims of the study included numerous men who died of syphilis, wives who contracted the disease, and children born with congenital syphilis.[5]
In 1972 the Tuskegee Study was brought to public and national attention by a whistleblower, who gave information to the Washington Star and the New York Times. Heller of PHS still defended the ethics of the study, stating: "The men's status did not warrant ethical debate. They were subjects, not patients; clinical material, not sick people."[11]
Medical ethics considerations were limited from the start and rapidly deteriorated. To ensure that the men would show up for the possibly dangerous, painful, diagnostic, and non-therapeutic spinal taps, the doctors sent the 400 patients a misleading letter titled "Last Chance for Special Free Treatment". The study also required all participants to undergo an autopsy after death in order to receive funeral benefits. After penicillin was discovered as a cure, researchers continued to deny such treatment to many study participants. Many patients were lied to and given placebo treatments so researchers could observe the full, long term progression of the fatal disease.[12]
After penicillin was found to be an effective treatment for syphilis, the study continued for another 25 years without treating those suffering from the disease.
In 1968 William Carter Jenkins, an African-American statistician in the PHS, part of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW), founded and edited The Drum, a newsletter devoted to ending racial discrimination in HEW. The cabinet-level department included the CDC. In The Drum, Jenkins called for an end to the Tuskegee Study. He did not succeed; it is not clear who read his work.[18]^ Bill Jenkins left the PHS in the mid-1970s for doctoral studies. In 1980, he joined the CDC Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, where he managed the Participants Health Benefits Program that ensured health services for survivors of the Tuskegee Study.
• Document from Tuskegee Syphilis Study, requesting that after test subjects die, an autopsy be performed, and the results sent to the National Institutes of Health
Non-consensual experiments in Guatemala
Main article: Syphilis experiments in Guatemala
In October 2010 it was revealed that in Guatemala, Public Health Service doctors went even further. It was reported that from 1946 to 1948, American doctors deliberately infected prisoners, soldiers, and patients in a mental hospital with syphilis and, in some cases, gonorrhea, with the cooperation of some Guatemalan health ministries and officials. A total of 696 men and women were exposed to syphilis without the informed consent of the subjects. When the subjects contracted the disease they were given antibiotics though it is unclear if all infected parties were cured.[15]