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View Full Version : Dept. of Justice Lawyers draft Challenge to Arizona’s law!




johnwk
05-26-2010, 05:29 PM
SEE: DOJ Lawyers Draft Challenge to AZ Law (http://liveshots.blogs.foxnews.com/2010/05/25/doj-lawyers-draft-challenge-to-az-law/)


“A team of Justice Department attorneys reviewing the new immigration law in Arizona has recommended that the U.S. government challenge the state law in federal court, but the recommendation faces an uncertain future and tough scrutiny from others in the Justice Department, sources with knowledge of the process tell Fox News.

Snip………

The draft complaint challenges the Arizona law as unconstitutional, saying it is illegal because it impedes federal law, according to the sources, who would not offer any more details about the draft complaint or the arguments made in it.”


Hopefully Obama and his un-American pals will challenge the law which will then set the stage for Obama and his Administration to be publicly charged with dereliction of duty, malfeasance and misfeasance! And why should such charges be made? Because our Constitution is explicitly clear on the subject! Let us establish the facts.

Article I, Section 8 vests power in Congress… To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions;


But unlike Article I, Section 8, which specifically applies to Congress, Article IV, Section 4 of the federal Constitution is directed at the Executive Office and uses the word “shall”:

The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence.

The word “shall” does not leave the Obama Administration with any options in the matter and as such, and in considering Obama has been in office for over a year, there is little question that the Obama administration is guilty of malfeasance and misfeasance for refusing to protect our borders and in particularly, protect Arizona‘s borders from an ongoing invasion.

In addition, contrary to the Obama Administration’s assertions regarding Arizona exercising its policing powers, keep in mind the various united States have not surrendered their sovereign authority to control “migration” within their borders, which is a power that was exercised by each of the states prior to the adoption of our existing Constitution, and is a power that has not, in any expressed language, been delegated to Congress or repealed!

We are told by our un-American crowd that the federal government has supreme power over immigration law. But the truth is, the word “immigration” does not even appear in the Constitution! What does appear in the Constitution is a power delegated to Congress “To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization”. And just what is “Naturalization” as the word is used in our Constitution? It is the act by which an alien becomes a citizen of the united States, which is something far different than the meaning of ‘migration” which also appears in our Constitution. Did our founding fathers understand the distinction between these words?

REPRESENTATIVE WHITE, while debating our nation’s Rule of Naturalization in 1790 notes the narrow limits of the power in question and ”doubted whether the constitution authorized Congress to say on what terms aliens or citizens should hold lands in the respective States; the power vested by the Constitution in Congress, respecting the subject now before the House, extend to nothing more than making a uniform rule of naturalization. After a person has once become a citizen, the power of congress ceases to operate upon him; the rights and privileges of citizens in the several States belong to those States; but a citizen of one State is entitled to all the privileges and immunities of the citizens in the several States…..all, therefore, that the House have to do on this subject, is to confine themselves to an uniform rule of naturalization and not to a general definition of what constitutes the rights of citizenship in the several States.” see: Rule of Naturalization, Feb. 3rd, 1790, page 1152 (http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llac&fileName=001/llac001.db&recNum=576)

Also see:

“MR. STONE … concluded that the laws and constitutions of the States, and the constitution of the United States; would trace out the steps by which they should acquire certain degrees of citizenship [page 1156]. Congress may point out a uniform rule of naturalization; but cannot say what shall be the effect of that naturalization, as it respects the particular States. Congress cannot say that foreigners, naturalized, under a general law, shall be entitled to privileges which the States withhold from native citizens.[page 1157] Rule of Naturalization, Feb. 3rd, 1790, pages 1156 (http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llac&fileName=001/llac001.db&recNum=578) and 1157 (http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llac&fileName=001/llac001.db&recNum=579)

And what does our Constitution say with regard to “migration“?

Article 1, Section 9 declares:

The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a Tax or duty may be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person.

By the very wording of this section there is an acknowledgement that “migration” of persons into a state shall be as each state thinks proper. But more importantly, “migration” is the act by which people move from one place to another, while “Naturalization” is the act by which an alien becomes a citizen ___ the latter subject being entrusted to Congress by the Constitution, while the former is a reserved power of the States and constitutionally protected under the Tenth Amendment!

But why was Congress vested with power to make a uniform rule by which an alien could become a citizen? Rodger Sherman, who attended the Convention of 1787, notes the intentions during the framing of our nations Rule of Naturalization on February 3rd,1790. He says: “that Congress should have the power of naturalization, in order to prevent particular States receiving citizens, and forcing them upon others who would not have received them in any other manner. It was therefore meant to guard against an improper mode of naturalization, rather than foreigners should be received upon easier terms than those adopted by the several States.” see CONGRESSIONAL DEBATES, Rule of Naturalization, Feb. 3rd, 1790, page 1148 (http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llac&fileName=001/llac001.db&recNum=574)

Indeed, the power over naturalization granted to Congress is very limited in its scope, and merely determines who shall or shall not be a Citizen of the united States. By contrast, the State of Arizona is well within its policing powers to deal with aliens who have invaded its borders, and those who now object to Arizona exercising its policing powers, especially disloyal police officers who have taken an oath to support and defend our federal Constitution, are aiding those who have invaded the borders of our Country, and ought to be relieved of their duties for their disloyalty to their oath of office!

JWK

America, we have a problem, we have been attacked from within! We are being destroyed from within by a group of domestic enemies who have managed to seize political power and whose mission is in fact to bring “change” to America ___ the dismantling of our military defensive power; the allowance of our borders to be overrun by foreign invaders, the diluting of our election process by allowing ineligible persons to vote; the destruction of our manufacturing capabilities; the strangulation of our agricultural industry and ability to produce food under the guise of environmental necessity; the looting of both our federal treasury and a mandatory retirement pension fund; the brainwashing of our nation’s children in government operated schools; the creation of an iron fisted control unauthorized by our written Constitution over America’s businesses and industries; the devaluation of our nation’s currency, and, the future enslavement of our children and grand children via unbridled debt and inflation, not to mention an iron fisted government which intends to rule their very lives!

free1
05-26-2010, 06:03 PM
Very simple, if the feds don't act, the sovereign States can.

Who do they think they get their powers from in the first place?

nobody's_hero
05-27-2010, 03:34 AM
Very simple, if the feds don't act, the sovereign States can.

Who do they think they get their powers from in the first place?

Not that the justice system is likely to get it right (whatever is "right" anymore), but if this lawsuit succeeds, then I would make the deduction that local gun bans are also unconstitutional.

If states/cities cannot deny you your right to be secure in your papers, then they cannot ban firearms. That is—if the Bill of Rights found in the Federal Constitution applies to states/municipalities as limitations on local government power.

Just something not particularly relevant to this thread that I'm wondering about.

—carry on.

johnwk
05-27-2010, 06:54 AM
Why is this administration refusing to protect our borders and is intent on granting amnesty to those who have and are invading our borders?

The Washington Establishment seems to be building its standing army which is intended to be used to instigate political disturbances and protests around the country favoring the Obama Administration‘s policies [events which are already occurring], and eventually can be used to confront and control America’s loyal and patriotic population. Have we forgotten what Obama has stated?

YouTube - Obama Civilian Security (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tt2yGzHfy7s)

“We cannot continue to rely only on our military in order to achieve the national security objectives that we’ve set” … “We’ve got to have a civilian national security force that’s just as powerful, just as strong, just as well-funded.”

JWK


America, we have a problem, we have been attacked from within! We are being destroyed from within by a group of domestic enemies who have managed to seize political power and whose mission is in fact to bring “change” to America ___ the dismantling of our military defensive power; the allowance of our borders to be overrun by foreign invaders, the diluting of our election process by allowing ineligible persons to vote; the destruction of our manufacturing capabilities; the strangulation of our agricultural industry and ability to produce food under the guise of environmental necessity; the looting of both our federal treasury and a mandatory retirement pension fund; the brainwashing of our nation’s children in government operated schools; the creation of an iron fisted control unauthorized by our written Constitution over America’s businesses and industries; the devaluation of our nation’s currency, and, the future enslavement of our children and grand children via unbridled debt and inflation, not to mention an iron fisted government which intends to rule their very lives!

FrankRep
05-27-2010, 07:02 AM
http://www.thenewamerican.com/images/stories/US_12-2009/2605-coverstory.jpg

State vs. Federal: The Nullification Movement
http://www.thenewamerican.com/index.php/usnews/constitution/2957-state-vs-federal-the-nullification-movement

Nullification in a Nutshell
http://www.thenewamerican.com/index.php/history/american/2971-nullification-in-a-nutshell

dean.engelhardt
05-27-2010, 07:03 AM
The Federal government has it's own problems. In the past two months ICE has arrested 2 U.S. natural born citizens based solely on skin color and accent. In the lastest case the person was detain even after he showed hid US birth certificate!

The feds better get their own house in order before they start telling the states what to do.

Southron
05-27-2010, 07:37 AM
Time to start calling up militias.

While I would never voluntarily join the federal military, I would sign up to be a reserve militia soldier in a heartbeat.

Paul Revered
05-27-2010, 07:40 AM
Brilliant OP. Thank you so much for this thread. I'll be using it as a reference.

MsDoodahs
05-27-2010, 07:59 AM
bump.

johnwk
05-29-2010, 07:51 AM
Let’s take the conversation a step further!

Has anyone noticed how the leadership of both political parties over the past twenty five years have been delinquent in punishing those who have invaded our borders?

When you look at it from a perspective that political labels are merely a gimmick created to divide the people and give a Hobson’s choice to the people during election time, thereby keeping them happy while keeping the Washington Establishment in control of government power and force, things begin to make sense! And they especially make sense when it is further realized that the Washington Establishment represents and carries out the interests of internationalists [our global governance crowd (http://www.cfr.org/publication/21987/trichet.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+cfr_main+(CFR.org+-+Main+Site+Feed))] who have no allegiance to America or any nation and manipulate government force and governments around the world for their personal economic interests and gains! This is the very crowd responsible for the Federal Reserve paper money system, the establishment of the income tax in America, the WTO, IMF, GATT, NAFTA, etc., each of which is designed to control and plunder the wealth created by America’s businesses and labor via mandates imposed by Boards, Panels, an other “Administrators” un-elected by the American People! In fact, this global governance crowd has overthrown our guarantee to a Republican Form of Government ___ the essential elements of our Republican Form of Government is that our elected representatives, and only our elected representatives, have authority to legislate principals and standards in the formulation of public policy, and that such legislation must be within the specific grants of power vested by our Constitution, and within the intentions and beliefs under which these specific grants of power have been delegated.

But getting back to those who have invaded our borders and the current Administration working to protect them, and why the Administration is looking at all options to afford protecting those who have invaded our borders, we need only recall Obama’s very own words: YouTube - Obama Civilian Security (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tt2yGzHfy7s):

“We cannot continue to rely only on our military in order to achieve the national security objectives that we’ve set” … “We’ve got to have a civilian national security force that’s just as powerful, just as strong, just as well-funded.”

I can assure you our founding fathers were very concerned over a massive invasion of aliens into the states. For example, Mr. Lawrence, during the debates on our nation’s Rule of Naturalization, February, 3, 1790, he attempts to calm such fears. He states:

Nor do I believe, sir, there is any just ground of apprehension that people will come to this city, from Nova Scotia, or any other part of the world, in bodies of three or four thousand, to turn our elections, or interfere in our politics. SEE: CONGRESSIONAL DEBATES, Rule of Naturalization, February 3, 1790, page 1154 (http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llac&fileName=001/llac001.db&recNum=577) (RIGHT COLUMN, HALF WAY DOWN)

Are these invaders not now interfering with our politics? Are they not summoned along with SEIU members to show up at various protests and rallies? Seems to me Obama’s civilian national security force has already taken root and has been quite active. Question is, will Obama’s civilian national security force eventually be armed and used to control patriotic and loyal Americans who see their country being destroyed from within? Keep in mind that the troops used to massacre protestors in Tiananmen Square in 1989 were brought in from a remote province of the country. Those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat it. Hopefully, loyal and patriotic Americans will see the writing on the wall.


JWK

Honest money and honest taxation, the key to America’s future prosperity

johnwk
05-31-2010, 08:41 AM
.


When will all loyal and patriotic Americans realize that we need to support the Governor of Arizona and its Legislature? Is it not a fact that Obama’s ‘civilian national security force” is a threat to America’s constitutionally limited Republican Form of Government?

Obama has stated:

YouTube - Obama Civilian Security (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tt2yGzHfy7s)


“We cannot continue to rely only on our military in order to achieve the national security objectives that we’ve set” … “We’ve got to have a civilian national security force that’s just as powerful, just as strong, just as well-funded.”

Over this weekend we have witnessed part of Obama’s “civilian national security force” [aliens who have invaded our borders, SEIU thugs, former ACORN activists, his radical progressive crowd (http://cpc.grijalva.house.gov/index.cfm?ContentID=166&ParentID=0&SectionID=4&SectionTree=4&lnk=b&ItemID=164), etc.], coming together and practicing its trade of intimidation --- demanding Arizona to allow those who have invaded the borders of Arizona to be left alone in spite of their criminal violations of both federal and local state laws.

As I asked so many times: question is, will Obama’s civilian national security force eventually be armed and used to control patriotic and loyal Americans who see their country being destroyed from within? Keep in mind that the troops used to massacre protestors in Tiananmen Square in 1989 were brought in from a remote province of the country. Those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat it. Hopefully, loyal and patriotic Americans will see the writing on the wall.

JWK

He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing, with manly firmness, his invasions on the rights of the people. ____ Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776

tremendoustie
05-31-2010, 08:44 AM
Anything that stops government officials from attacking innocent people is fine in my book.

Oh, and in an invasion, people are trying to kill you. Most immigrants are peaceful people who are only trying to work for a living.

Stop paying benefits to so called "illegals" -- fine. But, nobody has a right to attack a peaceful person who's working for a willing employer, and renting from a willing landlord, because they didn't jump through a bunch of arbitrary bureaucratic hoops, or pay bureaucrats a bunch of fees. Who people allow on their property is their business.

South Park Fan
05-31-2010, 10:42 AM
This is sort of a win-win situation: either a draconian law gets repealed (which since it is largely federal law will allow the states to ignore federal law) or the states give the federal government the boot (good in and of itself).

johnwk
05-31-2010, 11:03 AM
Oh, and in an invasion, people are trying to kill you. Most immigrants are peaceful people who are only trying to work for a living.



We are not talking about "immigrants". Immigrants come here in compliance with out laws. What we are talking about are those who have invaded the borders of the united States, and of Arizona, in violation of our laws. Learn to make the distinction.

JWK

mczerone
05-31-2010, 11:47 AM
We are not talking about "immigrants". Immigrants come here in compliance with out laws. What we are talking about are those who have invaded the borders of the united States, and of Arizona, in violation of our laws. Learn to make the distinction.

JWK

Bow to your almighty Federal God!

Only IT may determine who is "worthy" of living freely on private property!

Only IT may determine which class of people may be called "refugees" and admit people seeking better living conditions!

Only IT may define who is admitted to that great Regal Plural Pronoun "We"!

Only IT may then define Our laws!


I'm sorry, but if a human being uses private means to move to voluntarily transmitted property, I don't see a role for the Federal government. If they then wish to apply for citizenship, they can then engage with the beast. I also don't have a problem with you being a protectionist and refusing to contract with non-citizens.

There are many solutions to this "problem" that don't require you to steal my money to pay for a police state.

Live_Free_Or_Die
05-31-2010, 12:58 PM
We are not talking about "immigrants". Immigrants come here in compliance with out laws. What we are talking about are those who have invaded the borders of the united States, and of Arizona, in violation of our laws. Learn to make the distinction.

JWK

I have practically been a lone ranger debating the context of the constitution and immigration on this forum for quite some time refuting gross misunderstandings of delegated power taking statist flak.

Now that people are starting to repeat things I and a minority of people have long held such as "RULE" vs. "LAW" of naturalization. Rule of naturalization is about allegiance not moving. Emigration is a state matter. Naturalization only applies to people who are not naturalized. Since I have been arguing with statists tooth and nail about this shit I have no intention of letting their perversions go unnoticed now.

If emigration is the responsibility of Arizona.... has Arizona put up no trespassing sings on the border? Has Arizona exercised it's responsibility policing it's border?

No it hasn't. Arizona and every other state has been to busy bitching about the federal government not spending money for the responsibilities of a state.

Don't even try to claim invasion when states have been negligent in their duties and responsibilities at state borders to prevent unwanted trespass.

johnwk
05-31-2010, 01:16 PM
Don't even try to claim invasion when states have been negligent in their duties and responsibilities at state borders to prevent unwanted trespass.

I already have and stand behind my words!

What you may have forgotten is the federal government is responsible for protecting the borders of the United States against invasions, while the various states have reserved their policing powers to deal with those who have invaded the borders of the United States and of their particular state's borders.

JWK

Live_Free_Or_Die
05-31-2010, 01:35 PM
I already have and stand behind my words!

What you may have forgotten is the federal government is responsible for protecting the borders of the United States against invasions, while the various states have reserved their policing powers to deal with those who have invaded the borders of the United States and of their particular state's borders.

JWK

The problems in this country are not just federal problems. You forget health care costs became a national crisis because states regulated the shit out of health care for their own benefit.

Immigration has become a national crisis because states have neglected the shit out of state borders for their own benefit. If Arizona has a trespass problem, it is a problem for the people of Arizona to solve. If Utah has a trespass problem stemming from a trespassing problem in Arizona it is for the people of Utah to solve. In addition to federal representation in congress states can petition the federal government for redress of grievances.

Have the border states in the union petitioned the federal government to address any trespassing problems?

Have any border states nullified drug laws or welfare that subsidizes immigration?


Even if we go back and look at 18th century definitions of the word invasion:


INVASION. The entry of a country by a public enemy, making war.

Are immigrants public enemies? Hardly.
Are Mexicans public enemies? Hardly.
Has war been declared? Hardly.

You might as well be a mouthpiece for JBS selectively applying the constitution to suit your purpose.

Stary Hickory
05-31-2010, 02:36 PM
Defending the borders does include controlling who enters and who does not. To suggest states or the government have no business controlling immigration is ridiculous. The entire purpose of erecting borders is to protect the freedoms and the property of those within the borders.

Are illegal immigrants violating the property rights of Americans? Yes they get access to social services and Americans are forced at gunpoint(if necessary) to pay for it.

They also can be used as political pawns, as leftist politicians bargain citizenship rights and access to the looting of America for political support and power.

These are GROSS violations of people's rights and FURTHER undermine the rule of law and our constitution by empowering corrupt politicians with no respect for the constitution to enhane their power and control over America. I sometimes wonder how people here...HERE! can be so naive. They even use the tactics of scumbag politicians or media persons to derail real debate like charges of racism. This simply turns a discussion about protecting property rights into pointless bickering about racism.

tremendoustie
05-31-2010, 03:17 PM
We are not talking about "immigrants". Immigrants come here in compliance with out laws. What we are talking about are those who have invaded the borders of the united States, and of Arizona, in violation of our laws. Learn to make the distinction.

JWK

Sorry, you don't have a right to demand that everyone who lives on my land or works for me wade through a bunch of bureacratic B.S., or pay your goons a bunch of fees.

Learn to respect your neighbor's property rights. Also learn to stop attacking and kidnapping peaceful people, simply because they work for a living without begging your permission.

michaelwise
05-31-2010, 03:28 PM
Who can argue with that except an idiot?

johnwk
05-31-2010, 06:09 PM
Have the border states in the union petitioned the federal government to address any trespassing problems?


Where have you been for the past 25 years? A number of the States have been complaining for years and demanding the federal government do is job in protecting our borders against invasions. I remember the call when Reagan was in office and after giving amnesty to those who invaded our borders, our borders were left open and the fence was never built!



Even if we go back and look at 18th century definitions of the word invasion:



INVASION. The entry of a country by a public enemy, making war.

Are immigrants public enemies? Hardly.
Are Mexicans public enemies? Hardly.
Has war been declared? Hardly.



We are not talking about immigrants or Mexicans. We are talking about those who have invaded our borders and violated our laws and are now terrorizing the citizens of Arizona.


That came from an 18th century dictionary? Really? Well, let us take a look at the definition which appears in my 1933 Black’s Law Dictionary:

INVASION: (1) An encroachment upon the rights of another;(2) the incursion of an army for conquest or plunder. Webster. Black’s Law Dictionary 1933

I am quite comfortable believing our founding fathers would consider 12-20 million foreign nationals having breached our borders as an invasion [the first definition given in Black‘s Law Dictionary], but you are free to think otherwise.

Aside from that, keep in mind that words or terms used in a constitution, being dependent on ratification by the people voting upon it, must be understood in the sense most obvious to the common understanding at the time of its adoption… (my emphasis) SEE: 16 Am Jur 2d Constitutional law, Meaning of Language, Ordinary meaning, generally.

If you are really interested in documenting the meaning of “invasion” which is applicable to the word as found in our Constitution, then you need to research statutory law, common law, and tort law from contemporary source material dated during the time period our Constitution was adopted. For example, let us see how the word is used by our founding fathers in the Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776 :He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing, with manly firmness, his invasions on the rights of the people.




You might as well be a mouthpiece for JBS selectively applying the constitution to suit your purpose.



Well isn’t that something? It didn’t take long for the name calling to begin. But the fact is, I follow the most fundamental rule of constitutional law when posting in these forums:

“The fundamental principle of constitutional construction is that effect must be given to the intent of the framers of the organic law and of the people adopting it. This is the polestar in the construction of constitutions, all other principles of construction are only rules or guides to aid in the determination of the intention of the constitution’s framers.”( numerous citations omitted).___ Vol.16 American Jurisprudence, 2d Constitutional law (1992 edition), pages 418-19, Par. 92. Intent of framers and adopters as controlling


I don’t answer to the John Birch Society or either of the political party leaderships. But I do answer to my own conscience which has always encouraged me to seek out the documented truth and facts.


JWK

Expounding upon our Constitution is not a matter of “interpretation” as some would have us believe…it is a task of “documentation”! Enemies of our constitutional system wish to ignore the recorded intentions for which our Constitution [each article, section, clause and amendment] was adopted in order to then be free to make the Constitution mean whatever they wish it to mean.

tremendoustie
05-31-2010, 09:01 PM
Apparently you somehow missed or ignored what I said ...



We are talking about those who have invaded our borders


No, my borders are at the edge of my property, and the only one talking about invading them is you. Do you claim to own my property? Why don't you run your property, and stop trying to run mine?



and violated our laws


Not my laws. You mean your laws, and the bureacrats' laws.



and are now terrorizing the citizens of Arizona.


By all means, if someone actually harms, or "terorrizes" someone, arrest them for that. Don't arrest a peaceful person, though, because they're from the same country, or they have the same skin color, as someone who harmed someone.

This is blatant guilt by association, and it's despicable.



INVASION: (1) An encroachment upon the rights of another


A peaceful immigrant worker who just didn't beg permission from the government has not violated anyone's rights.

You, however, would be invading my property, and violating my rights, if you send your ICE agents to arrest an innocent tenant or employee of mine, just because they didn't wade through your arbitrary bureaucratic B.S. or send you sufficient amounts of cash.

johnwk
06-01-2010, 05:12 AM
Apparently you somehow missed or ignored what I said ...



I ignored part of what you said because it is irrelevant to the topic of the thread and the rules of our constitutionally limited system of government. Although I may sympathize with some of what you posted, my primary concern, at this time, is having the documented intentions and beliefs under which our Constitution was adopted to be observed by those who have taken an oath to support and defend it.


JWK

Those who reject abiding by the intentions and beliefs under which our Constitution was agree to, as those intentions and beliefs may be documented from historical records, wish to remove the anchor and rudder of our constitutional system so they may then be free to “interpret” the Constitution to mean whatever they wish it to mean.